HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP DENGAN PERILAKU PENDERITA HIPERTENSI
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Jun 27, 2025
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Abstract
ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang: Prevalensi hipertensi terus meningkat secara global, menimbulkan risiko kesehatan yang serius. Pengetahuan dan sikap positif dapat berkontribusi pada perilaku pencegahan, namun dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor. Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan antara pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku pada pasien hipertensi. Metode: Studi korelasi deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Sampel terdiri dari 25 pasien hipertensi di Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat Dharmarini Temanggung, dipilih menggunakan teknik accidental sampling. Alat penelitian berupa kuesioner. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-square. Hasil: Sebagian besar pasien hipertensi memiliki tingkat pengetahuan yang baik (56%), sikap yang memadai (60%), dan perilaku yang memadai (76%). Ada hubungan antara pengetahuan dan perilaku dengan nilai χ² 12.155 dan p = 0.016, serta antara sikap dan perilaku dengan nilai χ² sebesar 9,649 dan p = 0,008. Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan dan perilaku, serta antara sikap dan perilaku pada pasien hipertensi.
Kata kunci: Perilaku; Sikap; Pengetahuan; Hipertensi
ABSTRACT
Background: The prevalence of hypertension is increasing globally, posing serious health risks. Knowledge and positive attitudes can contribute to preventive behavior, but are influenced by various factors. Objective: To analyze the relationship between knowledge and attitudes and behavior in hypertensive patients. Methods: Descriptive correlation study using a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 25 hypertensive patients at the Dharmarini Temanggung Community Health Center, selected using accidental sampling. The research instrument was a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test. Results: Most hypertensive patients had good knowledge levels (56%), satisfactory attitudes (60%), and satisfactory behaviors (76%). There was a significant relationship between knowledge and behavior with a χ² value of 12.155 and p = 0.016. There was a significant relationship between attitude and behavior with a χ² value of 9.649 and p = 0.008. Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between knowledge and behavior, as well as between attitude and behavior in hypertensive patients.
Keywords: Behavior; Attitude; Knowledge; Hypertension
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How to Cite
Lusmiati Anisah, R., Tri Suraning Wulandari, & Ratna Kurniawati. (2025). HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP DENGAN PERILAKU PENDERITA HIPERTENSI. Nursing Science Journal (NSJ), 6(1), 50-63. https://doi.org/10.53510/nsj.v6i1.305
References
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Li, T., Liu, X., Diao, S., Kong, Y., Duan, X., Yang, S., Liu, S., Fang, Q., & Cai, X. (2020). H-Type Hypertension Is a Risk Factor for Cerebral Small-Vessel Disease. BioMed Research International, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6498903
Morales, C., & Rusmevichientong, P. (2020). Dietary Salt-Related Knowledge, Attitude, Behaviors, and Hypertension in a Rural Northern Thailand Population. Current Developments in Nutrition, 4, nzaa053_075. https://doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa053_075
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Oktayanti, L., Widowati, I. G. A. R., Tunas, I. K., & Wintariani, N. P. (2024). Knowledge, Attitude, and Compliance with Hypertension Patients at The Manggis I Karangasem Health Centre. JFIOnline | Print ISSN 1412-1107 | e-ISSN 2355-696X, 16(1), 80–88. https://doi.org/10.35617/jfionline.v16i1.171
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Rahmawati, I., Jayanti, R., Astuti, U. W., Nisa, Y. S., & Septi, T. (2024). Kenali Isi Piringku Bagi Penderita Hipertensi. Jurnal Karya Nyata Pengabdian, 1(1), 11–14. https://jurnal.utami.id/index.php/JKNP
Riyadina, W., Martha, E., & Anwar, A. (2018). BEHAVIOR OF PREVENTION AND CONTROL ON HYPERTENSION : Study of Knowledge, Attitude, Behavior and healthty environment at Post Menopausal Women in Bogor City. Jurnal Ekologi Kesehatan, 17(3), 182–196.
Shalahuddin, I., Rosidin, U., & Sumarna, U. (2022). Hubungan Pengetahuan, Sikap Dengan Perilaku Pengaturan Diet Hipertensi Di Puskesmas Guntur Garut. Jurnal Kesehatan, 9(3), 192–202. https://doi.org/10.25047/jkes.v9i3.287
Sirait, H. S., Said, F. M., & Umar, N. S. (2022). The Effect of Online-based Emotional Freedom Technique on the Blood Pressure during the Covid-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Nursing Information, 1(2), 27–31. https://doi.org/10.58418/ijni.v1i2.27
Siwi, A., Irawan, D., & Susanto, A. (2020). Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Kejadian Hipertensi. Journal of Bionursing. 2. 164-166., 2, 164–166.
Subari, Sulaiman, & Karjono. (2021). THE RELATIONSHIP KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES OF PATIENTS IN PREVENTING HYPERTENSION RECURRENCE. Bioscientist : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi, 9(1), 63–71. https://e-journal.undikma.ac.id/index.php/bioscientist
Sulistyawati, A., & Nur, F. (2023). Penyuluhan Pencegahan Dan Pengendalian Hipertensi Melalui Pola Hidup Sehat Di Desa Balane. EJOIN : Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 1(4), 196–201. https://doi.org/10.55681/ejoin.v1i4.710
Susanti, N., Aghniya, S., Almira, S., & Anisa, N. (2024). Hubungan usia, jenis kelamin dengan penyakit hipertensi di klinik utama paru soeroso. PREPOTIF : Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 8(2), 3597–3604.
Sutrisno, Widayati, C. N., & Radate. (2020). Hubungan Tingkat Pendidikan dan Sikap Terhadap Perilaku Pengendalian Hipertensi Pada Lansia. The Shine Cahaya Dunia Ners, 3(2), 16–27.
Taufandas, M., Sari, A., Andriani, L., & Suprayitno, E. (2022). The Relationship Between Knowledge Level and Diet Behavior in Hypertension Patiens at Lepak Public Health Center. Healthy-Mu Journal, 6(1), 35–41. doi:10.35747/hmj.v6i1.289
Taukhit. (2021). Tingkat Perilaku Pencegahan Komplikasi pada Penderita Hipertensi. Prosiding Diseminasi Hasil Penelitian Dosen Program Studi Keperawatan Dan Farmasi, 3, 34–39.
Ukoha-Kalu, B., Adibe, Professor Maxwell Anosike, C., & Chinwe, V. (2020). Knowledge, attitude and practice towards hypertension among patients receiving care in a Nigerian Hospital. Annals of Clinical Hypertension, 4(1), 016–019. doi:10.29328/journal.ach.1001023
Vonsa, L. D., & Anshari, Z. (2022). Hubungan Pengetahuan, Sikap Dan Tindakan Dengan Kejadian Penyakit Hipertensi Di Wilayah Kerja Rumah Sakit Umum Sundari Medan Tahun 2020. Ibnu Sina: Jurnal Kedokteran Dan Kesehatan - Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara, 21(1), 129–133. https://doi.org/10.30743/ibnusina.v21i1.175
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WHO. (2024). World Hypertension Day 2024: Measure Your Blood Pressure Accurately, Control It, Live Longer. https://www.who.int/srilanka/news/detail/17-05-2024-world-hypertension-day-2024--measure-your-blood-pressure-accurately--control-it--live-longer
Widyaningrum, R., Ulum, T. H. M., & Yulianti, A. D. (2023). Tinjauan Pustaka: Efektivitas Terapi Pijat Kaki Swedia terhadap Kualitas Tidur pada Lansia dengan Hipertensi Esensial. Jurnal Pencegahan Penyakit Dan Kesehatan Masyarakat, 17(2), 134–140. https://doi.org/10.12928/dpphj.v17i2.7627
Wijayanti, L. A., Indriani, R., Salomon, G. A., Asrina, R., Nur, M. P., & Suprapto, S. (2023). Knowledge and Attitudes With the Incidence of Hypertension. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan. https://doi.org/10.36590/jika.v5i2.512
Ye, Y., Chen, L., Xu, J., Dai, Q., Luo, X., Shan, N., & Qi, H. (2021). Preeclampsia and Its Complications Exacerbate Development of Postpartum Depression: A Retrospective Cohort Study. BioMed Research International, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6641510
Althobaiti, A. I., & Alghamdi, H. A. (2022). Проведення Наукових Досліджень Щодо Закономірностей Взаємодії Білків Організму З Лігандами При Стресових Навантаженнях В Рамках Студентського Науковго Гуртка «Medical Science». Medical Science, 2404(5(5)), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.52058/2786-6025-2022-5(5)-260-269
Anshari, Z. (2020). Komplikasi Hipertensi Dalam Kaitannya Dengan Pengetahuan Pasien Terhadap Hipertensidan Upaya Pencegahannya. Jurnal Penelitian Keperawatan Medik, 2(2), 2. http://ejournal.delihusada.ac.id/index.php/JPKM/article/view/289/149
Ardiansyah, M. Z., & Widowati, E. (2024). Hubungan Kebisingan dan Karakteristik Individu dengan Kejadian Hipertensi pada Pekerja Rigid Packaging. HIGEIA (Journal of Public Health Research and Development), 8(1), 141–151. https://doi.org/10.15294/higeia.v8i1.75362
Asiah, N., Wuryanti, S., & Laksono, S. P. (2021). PENGETAHUAN, SIKAP DAN PERILAKU LANSIA TERHADAP HIPERTENSI. Jurnal Abdimas Saintika, 3–2. https://jurnal.syedzasaintika.ac.id
Bangun, S., & Silalahi, E. L. (2023). The Effectiveness of Health Education on Increasing Patient Knowledge About Hypertension in Kutalimbaru Village, Deli Serdang Regency. Journal La Medihealtico, 3(6), 535–540. https://doi.org/10.37899/journallamedihealtico.v3i6.763
Bratajaya, C., & Rejeki, G. (2020). Hubungan Pengetahuan, Sikap, Dan Perilaku Tentang Perawatan Hipertensi Pada Lansia Yang Menderita Hipertensi di Johar Baru Jakarta Pusat. Jurnal SKHG, 7(2), 87–93. https://jurnalskhg.ac.id/index.php/Medika/article/view/126
Darmayanti, L. P. A. W. (2022). Gambaran Pengetahuan, Sikap, Dan Perilaku Pada Penderita Hipertensi Di Puskesmas I Denpasar Utara. In Skripsi. Institute Teknologi dan Kesehatan Bali.
Deng, F., Zhu, P., Liao, C., Li, S., Hu, X., Wang, Y., Wu, Z., Huang, S., Zhong, W., Zhao, B., Ma, G., & Li, Y. (2021). Genetic Variants of lncRNA GAS5 Contribute to Susceptibility of Ischemic Stroke among Southern Chinese Population. BioMed Research International, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6634253
Dinkes Jateng. (2021). PROFIL KESEHATAN JAWA TENGAH TAHUN 2021. In Profil Kesehatan Provinsi Jawa Tengah Tahun 2021.
Dinkes Kabupaten Temanggung. (2023). Profil Kesehatan Kabupaten Temanggung Tahun 2023 Data Informasi Kesehatan. Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Temanggung. https://dinkes.temanggungkab.go.id/frontend/unduh/index
Falo, A., Ludiana, & Ayubbana, S. (2023). Penerapan teknik relaksasi terhadap tekanan darah pasien hipertensi di wilayah kerja uptd puskesmas rawat inap Banjarsari Kota Metro. Cendikia Muda, 3(1), 32–40.
Gao, J., Dai, Y., Xie, Y., Zheng, J., Wang, Y., Guo, R., Sun, Z., Xing, L., Zhang, X., Sun, Y., & Zheng, L. (2020). The Association of Stage 1 Hypertension Defined by the 2017 ACC/AHA Guideline with Stroke and Its Subtypes among Elderly Chinese. BioMed Research International, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/4023787
Gong, D., Yuan, H., Zhang, Y., Li, H., Zhang, D., Liu, X., Sun, M., Lv, J., & Li, C. (2020). Hypertension-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors among community-dwellers at risk for high blood pressure in shanghai, china. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103683
Kemenkes RI. (2021). Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor HK.01.07 Tahun 2021 Tentang Pedoman Nasional Pelayanan Kedokteran Tata Laksana Hipertensi Dewasa. In Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.
Kusumamardhika, R., Utami, A. P., & Darmawan, H. (2023). Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) towards Hypertension in the Elderlies. Cermin Dunia Kedokteran, 50(7), 350–353. https://doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v50i7.951
Li, T., Liu, X., Diao, S., Kong, Y., Duan, X., Yang, S., Liu, S., Fang, Q., & Cai, X. (2020). H-Type Hypertension Is a Risk Factor for Cerebral Small-Vessel Disease. BioMed Research International, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6498903
Morales, C., & Rusmevichientong, P. (2020). Dietary Salt-Related Knowledge, Attitude, Behaviors, and Hypertension in a Rural Northern Thailand Population. Current Developments in Nutrition, 4, nzaa053_075. https://doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa053_075
Notoatmodjo, S. (2014). Ilmu Perilaku Kesehatan. Rineka Cipta.
Oktayanti, L., Widowati, I. G. A. R., Tunas, I. K., & Wintariani, N. P. (2024). Knowledge, Attitude, and Compliance with Hypertension Patients at The Manggis I Karangasem Health Centre. JFIOnline | Print ISSN 1412-1107 | e-ISSN 2355-696X, 16(1), 80–88. https://doi.org/10.35617/jfionline.v16i1.171
P2PTM Kemenkes RI. (2018). Faktor risiko Hipertensi. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.
Rahmawati, I., Jayanti, R., Astuti, U. W., Nisa, Y. S., & Septi, T. (2024). Kenali Isi Piringku Bagi Penderita Hipertensi. Jurnal Karya Nyata Pengabdian, 1(1), 11–14. https://jurnal.utami.id/index.php/JKNP
Riyadina, W., Martha, E., & Anwar, A. (2018). BEHAVIOR OF PREVENTION AND CONTROL ON HYPERTENSION : Study of Knowledge, Attitude, Behavior and healthty environment at Post Menopausal Women in Bogor City. Jurnal Ekologi Kesehatan, 17(3), 182–196.
Shalahuddin, I., Rosidin, U., & Sumarna, U. (2022). Hubungan Pengetahuan, Sikap Dengan Perilaku Pengaturan Diet Hipertensi Di Puskesmas Guntur Garut. Jurnal Kesehatan, 9(3), 192–202. https://doi.org/10.25047/jkes.v9i3.287
Sirait, H. S., Said, F. M., & Umar, N. S. (2022). The Effect of Online-based Emotional Freedom Technique on the Blood Pressure during the Covid-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Nursing Information, 1(2), 27–31. https://doi.org/10.58418/ijni.v1i2.27
Siwi, A., Irawan, D., & Susanto, A. (2020). Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Kejadian Hipertensi. Journal of Bionursing. 2. 164-166., 2, 164–166.
Subari, Sulaiman, & Karjono. (2021). THE RELATIONSHIP KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES OF PATIENTS IN PREVENTING HYPERTENSION RECURRENCE. Bioscientist : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi, 9(1), 63–71. https://e-journal.undikma.ac.id/index.php/bioscientist
Sulistyawati, A., & Nur, F. (2023). Penyuluhan Pencegahan Dan Pengendalian Hipertensi Melalui Pola Hidup Sehat Di Desa Balane. EJOIN : Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 1(4), 196–201. https://doi.org/10.55681/ejoin.v1i4.710
Susanti, N., Aghniya, S., Almira, S., & Anisa, N. (2024). Hubungan usia, jenis kelamin dengan penyakit hipertensi di klinik utama paru soeroso. PREPOTIF : Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 8(2), 3597–3604.
Sutrisno, Widayati, C. N., & Radate. (2020). Hubungan Tingkat Pendidikan dan Sikap Terhadap Perilaku Pengendalian Hipertensi Pada Lansia. The Shine Cahaya Dunia Ners, 3(2), 16–27.
Taufandas, M., Sari, A., Andriani, L., & Suprayitno, E. (2022). The Relationship Between Knowledge Level and Diet Behavior in Hypertension Patiens at Lepak Public Health Center. Healthy-Mu Journal, 6(1), 35–41. doi:10.35747/hmj.v6i1.289
Taukhit. (2021). Tingkat Perilaku Pencegahan Komplikasi pada Penderita Hipertensi. Prosiding Diseminasi Hasil Penelitian Dosen Program Studi Keperawatan Dan Farmasi, 3, 34–39.
Ukoha-Kalu, B., Adibe, Professor Maxwell Anosike, C., & Chinwe, V. (2020). Knowledge, attitude and practice towards hypertension among patients receiving care in a Nigerian Hospital. Annals of Clinical Hypertension, 4(1), 016–019. doi:10.29328/journal.ach.1001023
Vonsa, L. D., & Anshari, Z. (2022). Hubungan Pengetahuan, Sikap Dan Tindakan Dengan Kejadian Penyakit Hipertensi Di Wilayah Kerja Rumah Sakit Umum Sundari Medan Tahun 2020. Ibnu Sina: Jurnal Kedokteran Dan Kesehatan - Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara, 21(1), 129–133. https://doi.org/10.30743/ibnusina.v21i1.175
Wahyuni, W., & Susilowati, T. (2018). Hubungan Pengetahuan, Pola Makan Dan Jenis Kelamin Terhadap Kejadian Hipertensi Di Kalurahan Sambung Macan Sragen. Gaster, 16(1), 73. https://doi.org/10.30787/gaster.v16i1.243
WHO. (2023). Hypertension. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hypertension
WHO. (2024). World Hypertension Day 2024: Measure Your Blood Pressure Accurately, Control It, Live Longer. https://www.who.int/srilanka/news/detail/17-05-2024-world-hypertension-day-2024--measure-your-blood-pressure-accurately--control-it--live-longer
Widyaningrum, R., Ulum, T. H. M., & Yulianti, A. D. (2023). Tinjauan Pustaka: Efektivitas Terapi Pijat Kaki Swedia terhadap Kualitas Tidur pada Lansia dengan Hipertensi Esensial. Jurnal Pencegahan Penyakit Dan Kesehatan Masyarakat, 17(2), 134–140. https://doi.org/10.12928/dpphj.v17i2.7627
Wijayanti, L. A., Indriani, R., Salomon, G. A., Asrina, R., Nur, M. P., & Suprapto, S. (2023). Knowledge and Attitudes With the Incidence of Hypertension. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan. https://doi.org/10.36590/jika.v5i2.512
Ye, Y., Chen, L., Xu, J., Dai, Q., Luo, X., Shan, N., & Qi, H. (2021). Preeclampsia and Its Complications Exacerbate Development of Postpartum Depression: A Retrospective Cohort Study. BioMed Research International, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6641510